![]() Second Aliyah begins: Around 40,000 Jews flee the Russian Empire (spurred by the Kishniev pogrom and other anti-Semitic outbreaks) between 19. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion published for the first time, an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory purporting to describe the Jewish plan for global domination. It’s rejected at the Seventh Zionist Congress. It’s suggested as a temporary refuge for the Jews, not impacting the ultimate aim of the Zionists (a Jewish state in the land of Israel). The Uganda Proposal, where Herzl suggests securing land in British East Africa, is proposed at the Sixth Zionist Congress. The New York Times reports on the mob, describing how “the general cry ‘Kill the Jews’ was taken-up all over the city.” This pogrom led thousands of Jews to leave the Russian Empire for Palestine or America. Kishinev Pogrom takes places in the Russian Empire it’s a huge anti-Jewish riot where 49 Jews are killed, over 92 severely wounded, countless Jewish women raped, and over 1,500 homes damaged. Jewish National Fund established by the Fifth Zionist Congress, an organization with the purpose of buying and developing land in Ottoman Palestine. It established that “Zionism seeks to establish a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public law.” World Zionist Organization is founded. Sets out a Zionist platform, also known as the Basel Program, the first manifesto of the Zionist movement. Title page of Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) 1897 August 29 - 31įirst Zionist Congress meets in Basel, Switzerland, convened by Theodor Herzl. Herzl doesn’t think that a Jewish state necessarily needs to be in Palestine. Herzl publishes “The Jewish State”: Largely shaped by his experiences at the Dreyfus trial, Herzl writes a pamphlet where he lays out his hope for a Jewish state and the need to answer the “Jewish question.” It’s part analysis of anti-Semitism, part plan for a new Jewish state. (The affair lasts until 1906.)Īlfred Dreyfus in prison, 1898 ( Wikimedia Commons) 1896 It convinced Theodor Herzl, in France as a journalist to report on the trial, that the Jews would never be safe in Europe. The affair divided France, and anti-Semitism rose to the forefront of public life. ![]() Dreyfus was retried and eventually exonerated. ![]() The French army tried to cover it up, but it eventually leaked to the press. ![]() Two years after his arrest, evidence was found exonerating Dreyfus. (Read more on what Zionism means here.)ĭreyfus Affair begins: Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish French army captain, was accused of espionage, arrested, and convicted by a military court for supposedly selling French military secrets to the Germans. The term “ Zionism” (and “ Zionist”) is coined by Nathan Birnbaum. Neve Tzedek founded by Mizrahi Jewish families who wanted to move out of Jaffa it’s the first Jewish neighborhood built outside Jaffa, and it would eventually be incorporated into Tel Aviv. Also called the “agriculture aliyah,” between 25,000 and 35,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine during this period from 1882-1903. Rishon LeZion founded (“First to Zion”) by Zionist pioneers.īaron Edmond de Rothschild (of Paris) agreed to donate a series of subsidies to the settlement they wouldn’t have survived without him.įirst Aliyah starts: the first wave of Zionist immigration to Palestine. It was one of the first modern Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine. Rosh Pina founded by 30 families who immigrated from Romania. Jews began to leave the Pale of the Settlement and move to Odessa many of those Jews then continued onto New York.Įliezer ben Yehuda, the father of modern Hebrew, moves to Palestine and starts efforts to revive the Hebrew language.Įliezer Ben-Yehuda at his desk in Jerusalem, around 1912 ( Harvard University) 1882 The flow of Jews to cities in the Russian Empire turned into a flood. Authorities made no attempts to stop the violence against Jews that lasted months. This includes the Kiev Pogrom, considered the worst in this wave. Pogroms, organized massacres of Jews, sweep through the Russian Empire through 1884. It would turn into a Zionist settlement by 1882. Petah Tikva founded by religious Orthodox Jews (known as the “Old Yishuv”) as a Jewish agricultural settlement. Mishkenot Sha’ananim founded it’s the first Jewish settlement outside Jerusalem’s Old City. Ottoman geographer Kâtip Çelebi‘s 1732 map showing “Land of Palestine” ( Harvard University) (Read more on history of Palestinians here.) Ottoman Rule in Palestine begins Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire through 1917. Let’s dive into the pre-state history, AKA the conflict before Israel was a state. ![]()
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